ADVANCED TYPOGRAPHY - TASK 1 : EXERCISES

03/28/2022
Hansel Ribowo (0350008)
Advanced Typography
Task 1 : Exercise

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Lectures

Lectures 1

Advanced Typography: Typographic System

All Design is based on a structural system and according to Elam, 20007, there are eight major variations with an infinite umber of premutations. these eight major variations are as follows:

• Axial
• Radial
• Dilational
• Random
• Grid
• Modular
• Transitional
• Bilateral

Typographical organization is comples because the elements are depent on communication in order to function.

The typographical systems are akin to what architects team shape grammars. The typographic systems are similar that the systems has a set of rules that is unique and provides a sense of purpose that focuses and directs the decision making.

White some may feel this imposition takes away intuition from a teaching point of view it provides a solid framework that allows learners to be guided in their exploration while their intuition develops and matures.

Axial System: all elements are organised to the left or right of a single axis. The examples here are courtesy have been sourced from type 365. The axial is not have to be straight can be bend and theres a variation of pisbilities.

Fig 1.1 Axial System

Radial System: All elements are extended from a point of focus. The examples here are courtesy.

Fig 1.2 Radial System 1 Focus

Fig 1.3 Radial System Multiple Focus

Dilational System: All elements expand from a central point in a circular fashion. You can have multiple ring of circles and place it in hierarchy manner where the most important probably precedence or maybe even the outer rings of the circle or the inner circle.

Fig 1.4 Dilational System

Fig 1.5 Dilational System

Random System: Elements appear to have no specific pattern or relationship. Even tho its random there is a method in the chaos that is created with in the page.

Fig 1.6 Random System

Grid System: A system of vertical and horizontal divisions.

Fig 1.7 Grid System

Transitional System: An informal system of layered banding.

Fig 1.8 Transitional System

Modular System: A series of non-objective elements that are constructed in as a standardised units. Modular system is allow you to move an individual units to the diffrent portions of the page.

Fig 1.9 Modular System

Bilateral System: All text is arranged symetrically on a single axis.

Fig 1.10 Bilateral System

Conclusion

Student designers may initially find the system awkward but as work develops and understanding of the systems emerges whereby its creative potentioal is realised.

Many designers focus primarily on the grid system for design and un aware of the potential that other system hold.

An understanding of systems organization process allows the designer to break free from "The rigid horizontal and vertical grid systems of letter press". It allows designers to use more fluid means to create typograhic messages.

Lectures 2

Typographic Composition

Principles of Design Composition

Are usually emphasis, isolation, repetition, symmetry and asymmetry, alignment, perspective. Some of these principles are a little more easily translatable than the other. Notions like repetition and perspectives are harder to translate/use in typography.

Rule of Thirds is still used as guides even in typography. Intersecting points = focal point of layout

Other Typographic System:

Environmental Grid 

This is a system that was based of an existing structure. Designers considered using Non-Objective Elements to create a unique and exciting mixture of texture and visual stimuli.

Form and Movement
System is based on the exploration of an existing Grid Systems. The placement of a form on a page, over many pages creates movement. It didn't matter if it's on paper or screen.

Lecture 4: Designing Type

1. Research

• When creating type, we should understand type history, type anatomy and type conventions.
• Determine the type’s purpose or what it would be used for.
• Examine existing fonts that are presently being used for inspiration/ideas/reference/context/usage pattern/etc.

2. Sketching

• Can use traditional tool set (brushes/ pens, ink and paper) then digitize or vice versa. 
• Digital tools are much quicker, persistent, and consistent but this can sometimes impede the natural movement of hand strokes.

3. Digitization

• There are professional software that are used in the digitization of typefaces, amongst the leading software are: FontLab and Glyphs App.  
• Attention should not only be given to the whole form at this stage but also to the counter form. The readability of the typeface is heavily dependent on it.

4. Testing

• Part of the process of refining and correcting aspects of the typeface. Leads to important feedback.
• Depending on the typeface category (display type/text typ) the readability and legibility of the the typeface becomes an important consideration. 
• However it is not as crucial if the typeface is a display type, where expression of the form takes a little more precedence. 

5. Deploy

• Even after deploying a completed typeface there are always teething problems that did not come to the fore during the prototyping and testing phases. 
• Testing is important in so that the teething issue remain minor.

Lecture 5: Perception and Organisation

Perception in Typography

• Deals with the visual navigation and interpretation of the reader via contrast, form and organisation of the content. 
• Content can be textual, visual, graphical or in the form of colour. 

Contrast
Rudi Ruegg's Theory:

Rudi Ruegg's Contrast

Carl Dair's Theory:

To make design work and meaning pop out — clearly and unambiguously, and with flair. 7 kinds of contrast:

1. Size
2. Weight
3. Form
4. Structure
5. Texture
6. Colour 
7. Direction

1. Size

• Provides a point to which the reader’s attention is drawn. 
• You will see big letters first before smaller ones.
• The most common use of size is in making a title or heading noticeably bigger than the body text.

2. Weight

• Weight describes how bold type can stand out in the middle of lighter type of the same style. 
• Using bold, using rules, spot, squares is also provide a “heavy area” for a powerful point of visual attraction or emphasis.

3. Form

• The distinction between
• A capital letter and its lowercase equivalent
• A roman letter and its italic variant
• Condensed and expanded versions of typeface

4. Structure

• The different letterforms of different kinds of typefaces.
• Example:
• A monoline sans serif  and a traditional serif
• An italic and a blackletter

5. Texture

• Refers to the way the lines of type look as a whole up close and from a distance.
• Depends partly on the letterforms themselves and partly on how they’re arranged. 

6. Direction

• The opposition between vertical and horizontal, and the angles in between.
• Example:
• Turning one word on its side
• Vertical or horizontal aspects of directio of tect boxes
• Mixing wide blocks of long lines with tall columns of short line can also create a contrast.

7. Colour

• A second color is often less emphatic in values than plain black on white. 
• Important to give thought to which element needs to be emphasized 
• Pay attention to the tonal values of the colors used.

Form

• Displaying type as a form provides a sense of letterforms’ unique characteristics and abstract presentation.
• When a typeface is perceived as a form, it no longer reads as a letter because it has been manipulated by distortion, texture, enlargement, and has been extruded into a space.

Organisation
1. Gestalt

• Emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts
• Each component may be functional at an elemental level, the sum of its parts is not greater than the whole or the overall form.
• Perceptual Organisation in Gestalt:
• Law of Similarity
• Law of Proximity
• Law of Closure
• Law of Continuation
• Law of Symetry
• Law of Simplicity (Praganz)

The Law of Similarity 

• States that elements that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as a unified group.
• Feature examples: Color, Orientation, Size, and Motion.

The Law of Proximity

• States elements that are close together tend to be perceived as a unified group, whereas items further apart are less likely to be grouped together.

The Law of Closure 

• The mind’s tendency to see complete figures or forms even if a picture is incomplete.

Law of (Good) Continuation 

• Perceiving each of two or more objects as different, singular, and uninterrupted object even when they intersect. 
• The alignment of the objects or forms plays a major role for this principle to take effect.

The Law of Symmetry (Law of Praganz)

• States that elements that are symmetrical to each other tend to be perceived as a unified group.

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Instructions

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Exercises

Exercise 1: Typographic Systems

For this exercise 1 we need to make 8 typographic system and here is the notes that i took from the lecture.

• Hierarchy of placing the information, which one should the reader read first
• placement of the information, how the reader will see the whole picture and read. 
• Introduction of 1 colors, do not introduce the color before the layout is done.
• must have proper grid in proper guides, create guides and columns, fit the guides to margin.

Sketch :

Fig 1.1 Axial Sketch 1 and 2 (31/03/2022)

Fig 1.2 Axial Sketch 3 (31/03/2022)

Fig 1.3 Radial Sketch 1 and 2 (31/03/2022)

Fig 1.4 Radial Sketch 3 (31/03/2022)

1.5 Dilational Sketch 1 and 2 (01/04/2022)

Fig 1.6 Random Sketch 1 and 2 (01/04/2022)

Fig 1.7 Grid Sketch 1 and 2 (02/04/2022)

Fig 1.8 Modular Sketch 1 and 2 (02/04/2022)

Fig 1.9 Transitional Sketch 1 and 2 (02/04/2022)

Fig 1.10 Bilateral Sketch 1 and 2 (02/04/2022)

So here my attempt for all of the typographical system and i pretty satisfied with the result for the system.

Systems Layout That i Choose

Fig 1.11 Axial System (02/04/2022)

Feedback: 12 lecture is wrong

Fig 1.12 Radial Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: 

Fig 1.13 Dilational Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: too much space

Fig 1.14 Random Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: elements a bit too strong reduce the thicness

Fig 1.15 Grid Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: 

1.16 Modular Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: technically correct but not well organized

Fig 1.17 Transitional Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

Feedback: ok

Fig 1.18 Bilateral Final Outcome JPEG (02/04/2022)

After Feedback

Fig 1.19 Axial After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.20 Dilational After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.21 Random After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.22 Modular After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.23 Grid After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.24 Bilateral After Feedback (09/04/2022)

Here i switch the Grid and Bilateral because i though the grid before feedback is more like bilateral and bilateral before feedback is more like grid for me.

FINAL OUTCOME

Fig 1.25 Axial Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.26 Radial Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.27 Dilational Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.28 Random Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.29 Grid Final Outcome (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.30 Modular Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.31 Transitional Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.32 Bilateral Final Outcome JPG (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.33 Final Outcome With Grid PDF (09/04/2022)

Fig 1.34 Final Outcome no Grid PDF (09/04/2022)

Exercise 2: Type and Play

In this exercise we were asked to find type from a picture that we choose, it can be nature, man made things or the structure of the building. We need to create 5 letter form. Mr. Vinod suggested us to follow the steps of our seniors, to trace the image first, to know better on how letter can be see on the original and remember to put baseline as guides.

At the beginning, i try to find picture that have the possibility of making font from it and here the picture that i have interest for the font.

Fig 1.35 Photo Reference 1 (10/04/2022)

Fig 1.36 Photo Reference 2 (10/04/2022)

Fig 1.37 Photo Reference 3 (10/04/2022)

Here are the photos that i got from internet for my font references, i pick reference 3 to find the fonts, after that i try to identify what letter that i can see from the picture.

Fig 1.38 Indetifying Letter (10/04/2022)

Here i identify letter "T  Y  L  C  V", after i indentify the letter i trace the letter.

Fig 1.39 Letters Extreacted (10/04/2022)

Heres the letters that i extracted from the picture

Fig 1.40 Letter on Guideline (10/04/2022)

Fig 1.41 Refining Letter 1 (10/04/2022)

Fig 1.42 Refining Letter 2 (10/04/2022)

Fig 1.43 Refining Letter 3 (10/04/2022)

Here i try to make the letter more consistent.

Fig 1.44 Letter Tracing (15/04/2022)

Here after i get feedback from Mr Vinod i try to tracing some letters again but with the shape of the bark not the line.

Fig 1.45 Letter Extracted (15/04/2022)

Fig 1.46 Letter Referance (15/04/2022)

Here after i extrac my letter from the image i choose Futura Std for my letter referace.

Fig 1.47 Letter Refining 1 (15/04/2022)

Fig 1.48 Letter Refining 2 (15/04/2022)

Fig 1.49 Line Pettern Tracing (16/04/2022)

Here i try to extrac the line from image so later i can add it to my letter to add more wood characteristic to my letter.

Fig 1.50 Line Extracted (16/04/2022)

Fig 1.51 Letter Refining 3 (16/04/2022)

Here i try to add some of the line to the letter.

Fig 1.52 Letter Refining 4 (24/04/2022)

Here after i got feedback i refine the letter "V" and "N".

Final Outcome

Fig 1.53 Final Outcome JPEG (24/04/2022)

Fig 1.54 Final Outcome PDF (24/04/2022)

Exercise 3

In this week  we were asked to combine a visual with a letter. The text must be woven into a symbiotic relationship with the image. 

First i begin searching image that i want to use.

Fig 1.55 Image #1 (24/04/2022)

Fig 1.56 Image #2 (24/04/2022)

Fig 1.57 Image #3 (24/04/2022)

here image that i got from internet and i choose the 3 image for my exercise.

Fig 1.58 Progress (24/04/2022)

Here i try to add a text to the image.

Fig 1.59 Progress (25/04/2022)

Here i add gradient to my text and add shadow for my text

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Fig 1.60 Progress (27/04/2022)

Here i add some texture to the text and adjust the opacity of my shadow.

FINAL OUTCOME

Fig 1.61  Sand FINAL OUTCOME JPG (28/04/2022)

Fig 1.62 Sand FINAL OUTCOME PDF (28/04/2022)

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Feedback

Week 2

General Feedback:  Less is more, dont use too much elements, make the design using black and white first if its doesn't work the problem is on the layout, if design something you need to allign it with something to make it looks good.

Specifik Feedback: Need more prectice

Axial: The "12 Lecture Theatre" word is at wrong place and need to be in left or right side of the line.

Dilational: Too much white space. Random: The elements is abit too strong need to reduce the thicness of the line.

Modular: technicaly corect but its not well organized.

Week 3

General Feedback: The font must visualize the image of your referance.

Specifik Feedback: maybe instead pick the line pick the shape of the bark and if you study it, it can be more interesting and it can be add like the thin or thic line inside the letter.

Week 4

General Feedback: Make sure all the curve or widht of the letter form is constant.

Specifik Feedback: The V is too sharp at the bottom, and the N better if it lines with the guide line.

Week 5

General Feedback: Make sure the text have the texture and sam color theme as the image. Specifik Feedback: Need to add texture to the text.

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Reflection

Week 2

Experience: This  week is my firstime going to campus and its pretty good experience and i am also nervous. This exercise is really fun todo even tho i am not really good at typography but i able to finish it and i am glad.

Observation: For this exercise i really learn how to use indesign and using grid and guide line, in this exercise i really need to make more that 1 sketch to make a good one because theres a lot of possibilities and its hard to make all the word into good composition, and i also know that going to f2f class is fun and tense at a same time.

Finding: For this exercise i found that i cant make a good poster from just 1 attempt i need to do more than 1 and i find that its not easy to allign the words and make it interesting to read at a same time, but overall its a good experience.

Week 3

In this week is first time i make a font using image as referance and i need to refini it to be a good font so its a bit challanngging for me, but as i learn about refining a letter i manage to do it, i learn that making font from image is not easy to do but i realize the proses is fun and its a good experience.

Week 4

In this week i happy that my renining letter is not that bad and it really visualize the bark from the image that i choose as referance and this week i finalize the fonts and its turn out its look good fonts for me, so i am happy about it.

Week 5

In this week we need to combine visual with text, at first i am a bit confuse about the image and how to do the exercise but after i got the right image and try to add some text i realize that its  not as confusing as i though and i enjoy the proses of making the task.

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Further Readings

Week 1

Fig 3.1 Layout Essentials Book

Modular Grid

Not all modules need to be fi lled. A modular grid deter-mines precise increments and lets designers plot out and manage multiple details. The modules can be invisible or visible. They can be large or small. They render a firm structure, holding type, a letter or color, or ornamentation. And they can simply support white space. 

It’s possible to set up a module with a few large boxes containing images and, more importantly, key information, such as a table of contents and other kinds of indexed information. Information design epitomizes hierarchy of information. Designing voter information one of the more challenging and socially responsible forms of wrestling with complex information makes choices clear to a wide audience with divergent backgrounds.